Healthcare & Medical Access
India has 0.7 doctors per 1,000 people. 47% out-of-pocket medical expenditure pushes 55M into poverty annually.
Current Policies
National Health Mission (NHM)
Enacted 2013 · Coverage: Primary & Secondary Rural & Urban Healthcare Network (NRHM/NUHM)
Ayushman Bharat (PM-JAY)
Enacted 2018 · Coverage: Bottom 40% vulnerable families (₹5 Lakh annual health cover)
Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM)
Enacted 2021 · Coverage: Digital Health IDs, e-Sanjeevani Tele-consultation & Electronic Records
Employees' State Insurance Scheme (ESIS)
Enacted 1948 · Coverage: Organized Sector Employees (Monthly wages up to ₹21,000)
Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana
Enacted 2015 · Coverage: 10,000+ Generic Medicine Kendras nationwide
Past Promises
"Increase public healthcare expenditure to 2.5% of GDP by 2025"
BrokenMade by: MoHFW (National Health Policy, 2017)
Public healthcare spending reached 2.1%–2.2% of GDP by FY23, still below the 2.5% target
"Achieve 1:1,000 doctor-to-patient ratio nationwide by 2024"
BrokenMade by: NITI Aayog Health Index
Doctor density remains at 0.7 per 1,000, with severe rural specialist shortages
"100% elimination of spurious and sub-standard drugs from domestic market by 2023"
BrokenMade by: CDSCO (2020 Guidelines)
Spurious and sub-standard drugs remain 10–15% of Tier 2/3 market supply