Education System & Quality
55% of Grade 5 students cannot read Grade 2 text. Over 1 million teacher posts lie vacant in public schools.
Current Policies
National Education Policy (NEP 2020)
Enacted 2020 · Coverage: Nationwide Schools & Higher Education Institutions (5+3+3+4 Design)
Right to Education Act (RTE 2009 / Article 21A)
Enacted 2010 · Coverage: Free & Compulsory Education for Children Aged 6 to 14
Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan
Enacted 2018 · Coverage: 1.48 Million Schools across Pre-Primary to Class XII
PM POSHAN (National Midday Meal Scheme)
Enacted 1995 · Coverage: 120 Million Elementary School Children in Public Schools
PM-SHRI (PM Schools for Rising India)
Enacted 2022 · Coverage: 14,500 Exemplar Schools Upgraded under NEP 2020 Norms
Past Promises
"Increase public expenditure on education to 6.0% of GDP"
BrokenMade by: National Education Policy (NEP 2020) & Kothari Commission
Public education expenditure remains stagnated at 2.9% of GDP ($112 Billion)
"Eliminate 1.0 million primary teacher vacancies & enforce 30:1 PTR nationwide"
BrokenMade by: Right to Education (RTE) Act 2009 Mandate
Over 1.0M teacher posts remain vacant, with 25% daily teacher absenteeism in public schools